Spina Bifida
The term Spina Bifida refers to a group of conditions in which there is failure of development of structures around the spinal cord. In the usual situation the lower part of the spine is involved. The severity of the condition varies considerably from person to person, with some being minimally affected and others having multiple severe problems. The lower part of the spinal cord controls voluntary bladder and bowel function and most people with Spina Bifida have problems in these areas. Usually with medical and surgical treatment, appropriate appliances and personal care these can be overcome, however occasional leakage of urine and faeces does occur. There may also be associated renal tract damage, and renal infections which cause periodic illness.
Spina Bifida is associated with an additional malformation at the base of the brain which causes obstruction to the circulation of fluids in the interconnected cavities which normally occur within the brain. This results in increased pressure and expansion of these cavities - or hydrocephalus.
In general the average IQ of people with spina bifida is below that of comparable groups - slightly more so for those with shunts. However the average IQ is within the normal range.
CAUSES
The cause is partly genetic and partly environmental. Families with one child with Spina Bifida have an increased risk of having Spina Bifida in further children. There is an increased risk in the offspring of people with Spina Bifida. Smaller risks apply to close relatives. Other known facts such as social class, seasonal and geographical variations point to environmental factors. Many possibilities including vitamin deficiency have also been postulated but not proven. There is no evidence linking drugs taken during pregnancy with Spina Bifida.
- General the person's lower limbs are fragile and therefore more likely to fracture or suffer soft tissue damage. These areas need to be protected from hard surfaces by cushioning and other protective clothing. It is important for these sailors to have their feet protected at all times.
- Care must be taken not to press or bump on the valve of the shunt which controls hydrocephalus. This valve is under the skin behind the ear - beware of booms!
- If a urinary bag is worn, it should be emptied every 3-4 hours and before any physical activity.
